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The military commissariat requests information characterizing their state of health in order to study the state of health of citizens subject to conscription before the next conscription of citizens for military service. An interdepartmental request for this information's provision to medical organizations and institutions of medical and social expertise is encouraging to be issued in the form of an electronic document using a unified system of interdepartmental electronic interaction, taking into account the trends in the development of the public administration system. Interdepartmental interaction optimization through creation of an electronic interaction mechanism will allow military commissariats to promptly exchange information in real-time characterizing the citizens' state of health subject to conscription for military service with medical organizations of the state and municipal health care system, and federal state institutions of medical and social expertise. The direct connection of the military commissariat to the state information system in the field of healthcare of the subject of the Russian Federation by means of cryptographic protection of information will contribute to improving the quality as well as deceasing the medical examination time of citizens subject to conscription, thus improving the efficiency of providing medical services to citizens in medical organizations. The public administration system was successfully reoriented to provide state and municipal services in a remote format during the unstable epidemiological situation caused by the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection. Optimization of interdepartmental electronic interaction will allow military commissariats to take additional preventive measures to avoid infection and avert the spread of a new coronavirus infection during the recruitment campaign. Modern digital technologies and solutions are able to provide a qualitative leap in the organization of conscription of citizens for military service, which can be implemented without significant financial costs in the short term. However, there is a growing need to involve a proper number of participants of the military command and other state authorities in solving this complex problem. All rights reserved © Eco-Vector, 2022.
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Introduction. The connection between the health of the oral cavity and general health is well known, because oral diseases can impair general health, but the health of the oral cavity can also be impaired due to the existence of a systemic disease. The structures of the oral cavity can be affected directly by the disease or indirectly due to the influence of drugs or due to the patient's behavior. Oral manifestations affect hard dental tissues, supporting tissues and oral mucosa. The changes that occur can lead to pain and discomfort, cause concern for the child and parents, and can be completely asymptomatic. Doctors of dental medicine are often the first to suspect the presence of a disease during a routine examination, because the area of the oral cavity is easily accessible for early detection of pathological changes. That way, they can directly influence the course and therapy of the systemic disease by early recognition and referring the patient to further tests. Aim of the lecture is to present oral manifestations of gastrointestinal diseases, diabetes, blood diseases, bacterial diseases and viral diseases with a special focus on COVID-19.
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Introduction: The world is going through an unprecedented phase of COVID-19. Safe and healthy workplace are integral part of Occupational Health. Unsafe work practices anywhere are a constant threat, both for our health and sustainable business of an organization. Screening involves testing asymptomatic individuals who do not have known or suspected exposure to COVID-19. There is no screening strategy to exclude anyone contagious entering workplace. Objective(s): Workplace-based testing for COVID-19 and thus help to prevent or reduce further transmission. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted through screening for COVID-19 by Rapid Antigen Test (RAT) or RTPCR test (TrueNat) of 860 workers who appeared for initial and periodical medical examinations (IME / PME) under Occupational Health Service of a mine hospital in Jharkhand. Study period: December 2020 to April 2021. Chi-Square test was used for statistical analysis. Result(s): Study revealed, mean age of employees 32.09+/-8.42 years. Total 28 (3%) workers were tested COVID-19 positive, mostly asymptomatic (64%). Among COVID positive cases, 16 (57%) were in age group of 21-30 years and 25 (89%) were male. Among the symptomatic cases (n=10), 50% presented with generalized weakness. 20% workers presented with fever, 20% with cough and 10% workers had sore throat. Generalized weakness was significantly associated (p< 0.05) with COVID positive cases (x2=8.944, p=0.003). Conclusion(s): Screening is important part of health check-up to maintain safety in workplace, especially in time of pandemic. Most of the affected persons were asymptomatic and would have been caused of more positive cases at workplace, community at large. Our study emphasized the need for implementation of population-based screening programs at shop floors to prevent spread of COVID-19 among the mining workers.
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The proceedings contain 32 papers. The topics discussed include: assessment of workplace indoor fine particle exposure and pulmonary function parameters among ceramic tile industry workers of West India;respiratory morbidities in school children of critically polluted industrial area of Gujarat - a prospective observational study;morbidities among workers of an organochlorine pesticide industry;identifying interventions to reduce NCDs in workplaces in India: a stakeholder's assessment;examining toxic metals in biological samples and residential PM2.5 to evaluate their risk in adolescent children;ergonomics hazard assessment reduction in large scale petrochemical complex, Vadodara;factors associated with work related quality of life among garment factory employees in South India;factors associated with work related quality of life among garment factory employees in South India;and screening for COVID-19 among workers attending medical examinations under occupational health service of an open cast iron ore mine in Jharkhand: a cross-sectional study.
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Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of the detection of malignant neoplasms (MNPs) when implementing secondary preventive measures against cancer in municipal healthcare facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods. The model of the Volga Federal District (VFD) of Russia was used to conduct analytical and statistical studies of the rates of active detection of MNPs in the municipal healthcare facilities in 2019-2020. The demographic indicators and state statistics data, which were publicly available on the Internet, on the official websites of the territorial health authorities, oncology dispensaries of the VFD subjects, were comparatively analyzed. A database (State Registration Certificate of the Russian Federation under No. 2021621834/01.09.21) was used to evaluate the effectiveness of secondary preventive measures against cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Results. Compared to 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic caused a 2.1% expansion in the network of patients' examination rooms mainly due to an increase in the number of male rooms by 5.6% and mixed-type rooms by 6.3%. The number of mid-level healthcare workers that provided the functioning of patients' examination rooms rose by 5.2%;the proportion of specialists trained in the area of oncology decreased by 20% (85% in 2019 and 68.1% in 2020). The introduction of restrictive measures determined a statistically significant (p<0.05) decline in the proportion of people who had undergone a primary medical examination in the male (32.9%), female (35.6%), and general (34.7%) populations. The mean frequency of detected MNPs in 2019 and 2020 was 0.91 and 0.76, respectively (a 16.5% decrease). There was an increase in the incidence of lung cancer (LC) (a 4.2% increase) and a reduction in that of breast cancer (BC) (a 56.6% decrease). A comparative assessment of changes in the rate of active detection of MNPs in healthcare facilities at all health levels revealed a negative increase in its mean value in 2020 versus 2019 for colorectal cancer (CRC) (-25.6%), LC (-25.0% ), BC (-11.6%), cervical cancer (CC) (-12.4%), and prostate cancer (PC) (-2.1%). The prognosis of the number of actively detected MNP cases during the pandemic shows that, provided that the effectiveness of MNP detection rates remains the same as in 2019;there were no CRC (n = about 1100 cases), LC (n=1050), BC (n=1470), CC (n=300), and PC (n=300) cases in the VFD in 2020. An analysis of the effectiveness of secondary preventive measures against LC and BC in the VFD showed that among the number of newly diagnosed cases of a disease in 2019, there were LC (92.3%) and BC (75.1%) cases in the municipal healthcare facilities;there were LC (100%) and BC (60.9%) cases during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion. The COVID-19 pandemic led to a decline in the number of participants in preventive activities. Considering the uneven territorial spread of COVID-19, the development of a methodology for the preventive measures adapted to a pandemic, mainly in the municipal healthcare facilities, is an extremely important area of preventive healthcare activities.Copyright © 2022, Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved.
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The restrictive social distancing strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic in the healthcare system has led to a reduction in measures for the active detection of malignant neoplasms (MNs). Objective. To evaluate the impact of a temporary stop the measures for the secondary prevention of MNs on the frequency of detected cases of the disease during preventive medical examinations (PMEs). Materials and methods. The efficiency of active MN detectability in 2020 versus the pre-COVID-19 period (2018-2019) was com-paratively analyzed in 17 regions of the Central Federal District (CFD) of Russia. Information on the coverage of the population with PMEs and on the frequency of detected cancer cases when using fluorographic, mammographic, and cytological studies was obtained from the study of the data contained in the information project <<Passport of an Oncology Dispensary>> of the P.A. Herzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, as well as those available in the public domain on the Internet and on the official websites of regional health authorities. Results. The comparative analysis of the results of PMEs did not reveal significant differences in their efficiency in the studied regions of the Central Federal District of Russia in 2018 and 2019. Compared to the pre-COVID-19 period in 2020, there was a sta-tistically significant decline in the population coverage with primary care, which was 33.2+/-2.3% among both sexes (p<0.01), 25.8+/-2.3 for males (p<0.05) and 39.7+/-3.0% females (p<0.01). The frequency of detected cancer cases was 1.0 in the general population, 0.6 for males and 1.2 for females. There was an increase in the number of detected cases during fluorographic (+27.1%) and mammographic (+22.9%) studies and a decrease in the proportion of cytologically detected MNs (-33.2%). At the same time, due to a decline in the number of the surveyed population in 2020, there was a decrease in the number of detected cancer cases of the lung (-34.8%), breast (-37.1%), as well as tumors diagnosed cytologically (-65.9%). Conclusion. This investigation may suggest that at least 1.065 lung cancer cases and 1.875 breast ones were not diagnosed due to the temporary reduction in PMEs in the regions studied.Copyright © 2021, Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved.
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Each year about 400 000 people in Russia get strokes. Whereas an acute treatment takes place in specialized intensive care units in hospitals, follow-up is handed over to general (rarely - private) practitioner. The majority of stroke survivors show low adherence to follow-up resulting in repeated hospitalizations and growth of multi-morbidity burden. With COVID-19 pandemic negatively affecting availability of medical services and increasing health risks for stroke survivors, a physician-patient relation becomes the means of persuading patients to health-promoting behaviour.Copyright © 2022 University of Latvia. All Rights Reserved.
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COVID-19 is an emerging pandemic. The course and management of the disease in the liver transplant setting may be difficult due to a long-standing immunosuppressive state. In Egypt, the only available option is living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). In our centre, we have transplanted 440 livers since 2008. In this study, we report a single-centre experience with COVID-19 infection in long-term liver transplant recipients. A total of 25 recipients (5.7 %) had COVID-19 infections since March 2020. Among these recipients, two developed COVID-19 infections twice, approximately three and two months apart, respectively.Copyright © 2021 The Author(s)
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Background: The development of vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the report of associated allergic reactions has led to growing concern about their safety, especially in populations at risk for anaphylaxis such as patients with systemic mastocytosis. Method(s): We conducted a retrospective descriptive analysis of patients with systemic mastocytosis referred to our Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, between June 2021 and February 2022, for COVID-19 vaccination. Patients were divided into two groups according to their risk of allergic reaction: low/moderate-risk (no history of severe allergic reaction, with or without a history of allergic disease) and high-risk (history of any severe allergic reaction). All patients were premedicated with 60 mg of oral prednisolone 24 hours and 1 hour prior inoculation, and with an oral antihistamine 1 hour before vaccine administration. Low/moderate-risk patients were monitored for 30 minutes after vaccine inoculation. High-risk patients got a peripheral venous access and remained under medical surveillance for 60 minutes. Result(s): A total of 45 patients were included in the analysis: 62.2% females, with a mean age of 48.8 years (range: 22-85). All patients had indolent systemic mastocytosis subtype, with a median tryptase level of 15.6 ng/mL (range: 4.3-185 ng/mL);11 (24.4%) were in the high-risk group (8 with history of anaphylaxis to hymenoptera venom and 3 with prior drug anaphylaxis). Low/moderate-risk and high-risk groups had similar median levels of serum tryptase (15.5 vs. 16.6 ng/ mL, p = 0.932). All patients received BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine and a total of 118 doses were administered (24.6% in the high risk group). No adverse events, including allergic reactions, after vaccine inoculation were recorded during the surveillance period. Conclusion(s): To our knowledge, this is the largest series reporting safety of a mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in patients with systemic mastocytosis. Our data reinforce the fact that even patients with increased risk for allergic reactions can be safely vaccinated against COVID-19, and that earlier concerns should be abandoned so a widespread immunization can be achieved.
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Background: There has been lot of speculation around the possible side effects associated with COVID vaccination and incidence of facial palsy is one of them. Bilateral facial palsy is less likely to be idiopathic as compared to unilateral facial nerve palsy and warrants further investigations to find any secondary cause. COVID 19 infection and the vaccinations for the same are also included in the unique list of differentials. Case report: We report an interesting case of bilateral rapidly sequential facial nerve palsy following the administration of COVID vaccination that showed subsequent improvement. We provide literature review to report the current incidence of same, secondary to the vaccination as well the infection itself Case presentation: Following the introduction of COVID 19 vaccine, there have been reports of various cranial nerve involvement including lower motor neuron type facial paresis. Bilateral facial palsy is less likely to be idiopathic as compared to unilateral palsy(23% vs 70%) and requires further work up to determine the etiology before determining to be idiopathic. Unilateral facial palsy(FP) has been reported in the Phase I and II trials for Pfizer and Moderna vaccine, with a total of 7 cases reported in these initial trials. To date, there is no direct evidence that these vaccines have increased the incidence of facial palsy as compared to adverse events reported with other vaccines or compared to COVID 19 infection itself. We report a unique case of bilateral lower motor neuron type facial palsy noted in a young male within hours of receiving the vaccine that later improved with treatment. Reports of simultaneous bilateral facial palsy after vaccine are rare with only few cases reported to date in literature. Conclusion(s): In conclusion from current available literature, we would like to postulate that though there is a risk of facial nerve palsy following the vaccination, it is comparable to the risks associated with any other vaccinations and not been higher than the non-vaccinated population. The overall risk is higher with the actual COVID 19 infection itself as compared to the vaccine.Copyright © 2022
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The aim. To investigate the clinical peculiarities of adult patients with diarrheal syndrome, associated with coronavirus infection COVID-19. The materials and methods. There has been carried out the analysis of 56 patients aged 26-81 years, hospitalized with acute enteric infection at the Municipal Infectious Diseases Hospital 8 (not reprofiled as hospital for the treatment of coronavirus infection COVID-19 patients) in the course of August 2020 - February 2021 and the patients with cause-effect relationship with COVID-19. There have been used the routine diagnostic methods, the analysis of feces for causative agents of diarrhea was tested by the methods of bacteriological and immunoenzymatic analysis, the analysis of feces for toxins A and B Clostridium difficile was tested method of immunochromatographic assay;the blood serum was tested by method of immunoenzymatic analysis and the analysis of nasopharyngeal swabs was tested by immunochromatographic assay and PCR test for markers SARS-COV-2. The statistical material treatment has been done using Statistical Package of IBM SPSS Statistics-22. The results. There have been registered 51,8% of cases - diarrhea as one of the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 in adult patients (the first group of patients), in 48,2% of cases - diarrhea as a result of recently treated COVID-19 and a massive course of antibiotics (the second group of patients). In the second group 12 patients have been diagnosed with clostridial infection, 15 patients - with antibiotic-associated diarrhea. There has been registered the main severity of clinical manifestations in patients with clostridial infection. The disease being characterized by severity of colitis syndrome, the blood sedimentation rate increasing, hyperleukocytosis in haemogram, hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia. The aggravating factors are combined comorbidity and patients aged over 55 years. The conclusion. There should be used the differential approach for diarrheal syndrome in patients with coronavirus infection. Taking into account the massive course antibiotics' side effects, the analysis of feces for pathogenic flora must be included into the medical examinations such as Clostridium difficile and the course of probiotic and anticlostridial medicines should be done.Copyright © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.
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Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze the structure and dynamics of morbidity of athletes, members of sports teams of the city of Moscow based on the results of an indepth medical examination in the period 2017-2021. Materials and methods: The data of the medical examination of athletes, which took place at the Moscow scientific and Practical Center for Medical Rehabilitation, restorative and sports medicine, including instrumental, functional and laboratory studies from 2017 to 2021, were analyzed. In 2017, 15176 athletes were examined, in 2018 and 2019, 11200, in 2020, 10080 people and in 2021-11922 athletes. Results: The results of the study showed an increase in the proportion of amenorrhea within the triad of athletes, an increase in general therapeutic morbidity, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, among which the proportion of secondary hyperbilirubinemia in 2021 increased 3 times compared to 2020, which, in our opinion, is also due to the impact of the pandemic and quarantine restrictions. The high prevalence of ophthalmological morbidity of athletes and changes in the cardiovascular system is shown. During 2017-2021, a change in the structure of cardiac morbidity was revealed in the form of an increase in the proportion of cardiac arrhythmias and hypertensive response to stress. An increase in the endocrine morbidity of athletes in 2021 was revealed due to an increase in the proportion of hypothyroidism and more frequent detection of hyperthyroidism, possibly related to the COVID19 pandemic, which requires further research. There was also an increase in diseases of the skin and genitourinary system in athletes. Psychological problems of athletes increased during the observation period from 2017 to 2021. There was no significant dynamics of surgical and traumatological diseases, otolaryngological pathologу. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate the importance of regular fullfledged examination of athletes, identification of various functional disorders and diseases for their timely prevention and treatment in order to preserve the health of athletes and improve athletic performance. © 2022 by the Author(s).
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The research describes the epidemiological situation in Uzbekistan for sexually transmitted diseases (syphilis, gonorrhea) during the Covid-19 pandemic (2019-2021).Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.
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Objective: We evaluated patients suspected or confirmed to have coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19) to determine predictive factors for the diagnosis of COVID- 19. Method(s): We conducted a retrospective cohort study at The Jikei University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. This study included adult patients who underwent medical examination for suspected or confirmed COVID- 19 in April and May 2020. We analyzed the clinical characteristics, blood test results, and findings of computed tomography of the chest from the medical record system of the hospital. Result(s): Of the 267 patients included in this study, 27 were found to be positive for COVID- 19 on reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV- 2). Of the patients, 128 (47.9%) were men, and the median age was 47 years (interquartile range, 34.5- 65). Twenty- two (8.2%) patients had a history of close contact with a COVID- 19 patient. The most common symptoms were fever, general malaise, and cough. Multivariate analysis with the logistic regression model revealed that close contact, fever for 4 or more days, dysgeusia, and dysosmia were independent predictive factors for reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test results being positive for SARS- CoV- 2. Conclusion(s): Patients who have had close contact with a COVID- 19 patient, fever for 4 days or more, dysgeusia, or dysosmia should undergo diagnostic testing for SARS- CoV- 2.Copyright © 2021 Jikei University School of Medicine. All rights reserved.
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Background:"I fear the man who has practised one kick 10,000 times." Lee Bruce This aphorism highlights the growing importance of simulation in postgraduate urology training, especially during the COVID 19 pandemic, when all teaching and training activities were stopped, jeopardising postgraduate residents' education. Postgraduate residents must perform hours of surgical training to overcome urological learning curves. According to study, residents educated on simulators boost their summative scores. By introducing simulation to urology training in a way comparable to the well-known Halsted apprenticeship model, the current study emphasises the hybrid model of IKD. Objective(s): to compare the formative assessment results between residents taught on simulators and residents in the conventional apprenticeship model on factors of communication skills, technical competence, and overall capacity to conduct procedure on OSAT and DOPS. Material(s) and Method(s): from 2019 to 2021 this comparative study was conducted in the Department of Urology by Team C at the Institute of Kidney Diseases Peshawar. Group A (10 residents) and Group B (10 residents, 5 from the second and third years) received STEPS method OT instruction in the first phase. These simulators were used to impart knowledge to Group "B" Harvey for counseling and medical examinations Simulator for PCNL The second phase included a six-month training assignment swap between the two groups. A standard QSAT and DOPS proforma was used to evaluate each resident. Data analysis was done using SPSS 24.0. Result(s): Residents in Group A, who were originally exposed to the conventional technique, considerably outperformed Group B on Harvey (mean: 50.5;standard deviation: 2.21.1) in terms of communication skills, professionalism, and ethical concern during the first phase (p 0.001). However, the Group p0.05 shown considerably higher technical proficiency and overall process performance capacity. The mean technical skill and overall capacity to finish the process had a somewhat positive association in phase 1 in favour of group B (r=0.630, p 0.01). All QSAT and DOPS metrics significantly improved in the second phase. However, both groups did not vary significantly (p> 0.05). According to Pearson coefficient correlation, both groups considerably overcame their gaps in technical proficiency, communication skills, and procedural competence. (P= 0.001) Results are shown in Figures 1 through 06 and Tables 1 through 2. Conclusion(s): To improve the standard of urology residency in Pakistan, a hybrid paradigm that includes both simulation and actual performance is necessary. Copyright © 2022 Lahore Medical And Dental College. All rights reserved.
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Background: The impact of Covid-19 pandemic makes the hospital innovate using technology services, one of which was telepharmacy. Telepharmacy has the potential to improve Covid-19 outpatient through the use of telecommunications with self-home care patient. In July 2021, 120 patients received telepharmacy services with teleconsultation with pulmonologist, pediatrist, internist, otorhinolaryngologist, neurologist, psychiatrist and general practioners. In August 2021, telepharmacy patients were reduced to 39 patients, and in September 2021, telepharmacy patients were reduced to 11 patients. Objective(s): Evaluating outpatients with telepharmacy services by measuring satisfaction patients. Method(s): This program integrated with interprofessional doctor, pharmacy, nurse, driver and customer care unit. The satisfaction of patient depends on the multiprofessional services. This research to evaluate the satisfaction Covid-19 outpatients with received telepharmacy services. Desain study were descriptive, non-experimental and study cross-sectional. Data collected 3 months dan the samples were 170 patients with patient surveys to evaluate patient satisfaction. Result(s): 170 patients received telepharmacy ranged in age from 5-70 years, consisting of 93 women (54.7%) and 77 men (45.3%) with 76,5% satisfaction with telepharmacy services. Patients reported telepharmacy services from pulmonologist by 61.7%, internist 8.2%, otorhinolaryngologist 1.2%, pediatrist 23.5%, neurologist 0.5%, psychiatrist 0.5% and general practitioner from medical check-up by 4.1%. Conclusion(s): The satisfaction of self-home care telepharmacy patients overall reached 76.5%, and the patient felt dissatisfied were 23.5%. The decrease of patients in August and September 2021 because the telepharmacy services has not been maximized services and needs improvement. The hospital can improve the quality of telepharmacy services to increase patient satisfaction and visit telepharmacy patients. Copyright © RJPT All right reserved.
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BACKGROUND: Among other things, changes in the structure of forensic medical expert material serve as an indicator of dynamic processes in society . The levels of injuries and violent and nonviolent death somehow depend on the state of the economy and health care in the region and the state as a whole . In recent years, the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was proclaimed as a pandemic with tangible social and economic damage to States, has been one of the determining factors . AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the dynamics of the volume and structure of violent death in the Russian Federation over the past 10 years, including the pandemic period, using the megalopolis example . MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study reviewed the annual reports of the Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination of St . Petersburg using data grouping, frequency analysis, correlation analysis, comparison, system analysis, and inductive generalization . RESULTS: Over the past 10 years, several significant changes have occurred in St . Petersburg in the scope and structure of forensic medical investigations of violent deaths . The main positive trend was a decreased absolute and relative number of cases of violent death . Statistically significantly (p <0 .05) decreased number of cases of transport injuries, injuries resulting from the action of blunt and sharp objects, gunshot, thermal injury, and mechanical asphyxia, as well as poisoning with ethanol and carbon monoxide, significantly decreased infant mortality, and fewer unidentified and unclaimed corpses were observed . Additionally, a steady increase in the number of drug poisoning was found, and the fatal injury level due to falling from a height remained consistently high . The background incidence of COVID-19 in 2020 was 2 .4–3 .2% . CONCLUSION: The proportion of cases of falling from a height, thermal burns, and strangulation with a noose increased among the dead with a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis, and transport (primarily rail), gunshot and explosive injuries, cases of drowning, poisoning with drugs, and alcohol detection in the biological environments of the body of the victims were less common . © Eco-Vector, 2022.
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The main route of transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) virus is airborne. The objective of this study is to analyze the aerosol dispersion and potential exposure to medical staff within a typical medical examination room during classical airway procedures. The multiphase simulation of the aerosol particles in the airflow is based on a Lagrangian-Eulerian approach. All simulation cases with surgical mask show partially but significantly reduced maximum dispersion distances of the aerosol particles compared to the cases without a surgical mask. The simulations have shown that medical examiners are exposed to a large amount of aerosol particles, especially during procedures such as laryngoscopy where the examiner's head is directly in front of the patient's face. However, exposure can be drastically reduced if the patient wears a mask which is possible for most of the procedures studied, such as otoscopy, sonography, or anamnesis. Copyright © 2022 by ASME.
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The restrictive social distancing strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic in the healthcare system has led to a reduction in measures for the active detection of malignant neoplasms (MNs). Objective. To evaluate the impact of a temporary stop the measures for the secondary prevention of MNs on the frequency of detected cases of the disease during preventive medical examinations (PMEs). Materials and methods. The efficiency of active MN detectability in 2020 versus the pre-COVID-19 period (2018—2019) was com-paratively analyzed in 17 regions of the Central Federal District (CFD) of Russia. Information on the coverage of the population with PMEs and on the frequency of detected cancer cases when using fluorographic, mammographic, and cytological studies was obtained from the study of the data contained in the information project «Passport of an Oncology Dispensary» of the P.A. Herzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, as well as those available in the public domain on the Internet and on the official websites of regional health authorities. Results. The comparative analysis of the results of PMEs did not reveal significant differences in their efficiency in the studied regions of the Central Federal District of Russia in 2018 and 2019. Compared to the pre-COVID-19 period in 2020, there was a sta-tistically significant decline in the population coverage with primary care, which was 33.2±2.3% among both sexes (p<0.01), 25.8±2.3 for males (p<0.05) and 39.7±3.0% females (p<0.01). The frequency of detected cancer cases was 1.0 ‰ in the general population, 0.6‰ for males and 1.2‰ for females. There was an increase in the number of detected cases during fluorographic (+27.1%) and mammographic (+22.9%) studies and a decrease in the proportion of cytologically detected MNs (–33.2%). At the same time, due to a decline in the number of the surveyed population in 2020, there was a decrease in the number of detected cancer cases of the lung (–34.8%), breast (–37.1%), as well as tumors diagnosed cytologically (–65.9%). Conclusion. This investigation may suggest that at least 1.065 lung cancer cases and 1.875 breast ones were not diagnosed due to the temporary reduction in PMEs in the regions studied. © 2021, Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved.